Rhinestones in metal buttons

My fun card of clear rhinestones/pastes in metal buttons
click on image to enlarge

Native American Indians..BUTTONS..Happy Thanksgiving

Fun Facts about the First Thanksgiving

The Plymouth Pilgrims were the first to celebrate the Thanksgiving.

The Pilgrims sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to reach North America.

They sailed on the ship, which was known by the name of 'Mayflower'.

They celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

The Wampanoag Indians were the people who taught the Pilgrims how to cultivate the land.

The Pilgrim leader, Governor William Bradford, had organized the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621. He invited the neighboring Wampanoag Indians to the feast.

The first Thanksgiving celebration lasted three days.

Mashed potatoes, pumpkin pies, popcorn, milk, corn on the cob, and cranberries were not foods present on the first Thanksgiving's feast table.

Lobster, rabbit, chicken, fish, squashes, beans, chestnuts, hickory nuts, onions, leeks, dried fruits, maple syrup and honey, radishes, cabbage, carrots, eggs, and goat cheese are thought to have made up the first Thanksgiving feast.

The pilgrims didn't use forks; they ate with spoons, knives, and their fingers.

 Click on image to enlarge

Lady Liberty head busting through face buttons

Great detailed high-relief picture style buttons with image of Lady Liberty head busting through face
 The design closely resembles the push-through Liberty Head quarters
These are both large buttons 1st is a celluloid  2nd  is some other type of plastic
click on image to enlarge

Children's games..BUTTONS

 Bat and Ball
Hoop Rolling (Hoop Rolling is both a sport and a child’s game in which a large hoop is rolled along the ground, generally by means of an object wielded by the player. The aim of the game is to keep the hoop upright for long periods of time or to do various tricks

 

Hide and Seek or called Blind man's Bluff

Grapes..BUTTONS

Some of the materials

glass, fabric, pearl, metal,celluloid, horn, wood, plastic, composition

click on image to enlarge

Victorian Charm String

683 buttons and a few non button mementos on my charm string none are vintage nor modern buttons ALL are antique some of the materials, rubber, horn, vegetable ivory, china, swirlback glass and other glass, black glass, tintype, pearl, metals, several military, and one I recently noticed a gilt brass Jacksonian with head of George Washington. There are 2 pieces of colored yarn I added to mark the Jacksonian and the other a Goodyear token  

 

Thank you Tim H. for the image of my charm string
CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE


I found the following info on charm strings online written by  Diana Epstein and Millicent Safro (shop owners of Tender Buttons NY) this article was reprinted from Bead and Button, Feb 1995

 

	Victorian Charm Strings Diana Epstein and Millicent Safro describe the once popular past time of charm strings in Victorian America. In Stories of Mother Goose, little Tommy Tucker says, "You know what a charm string is. Just ever so many pretty buttons strung together and worn around your neck." Nineteenth century folk wisdom had it that a girl should acquire 999 buttons on a string. When she added the thousandth, she would meet her Prince Charming. These strings of buttons, sometimes called "memory strings," were a fad of the 1860s that remained popular until 1900. Delightful stories have been handed down. One is that each friend and member of the family donate a button. Another is that a charm string was a game or rivalry, not a romantic pursuit. Gaining the thousandth button doomed the girl to spinsterhood. Another story credits the idea of charm strings to a mid-19th century newspaper competition. In all these folklore accounts, there are similar rules and requirements for gathering the buttons: They should be one-of-a-kind, the prettiest and most brilliant available. Preferably they should be gifts from friends, suitors or family members or traded with another stringer. They should not be bought. While unfinished, the charm string was kept in plain view to inspire visitors to contribute buttons and also to boast and tell colorful stories of acquisition. "This button was given by Aunt Abigail from the gown she wore to the Inaugural Ball," or "this button was from Grandfather's Civil War uniform." As with photo albums and stereopticon views, Proustian memories were recalled and stories told by families during summer afternoons on the porch or long winter days by the fireplace rummaging through Mother's and Grandmother's button boxes. These nostalgic receptacles were the leading sources of materials for charm strings, as Victorian girls inadvertently became this country's first button collectors. To begin a string, a young girl would tie a large button, called a touch button, onto a long string. She would then continue stringing on the very finest small glass and jeweled buttons of the period. Original charm strings of the late 19th century had a large quantity of very small and dainty glass buttons, including early paperweight buttons, as well as small Victorian metals of the period. Some charm strings also included meaningful amulets and tiny objects with family or school-day associations, such as charms, coins, baskets made from nut or fruit pits, miniature dolls' arms and legs, or religious medals. Charm strings with a thousand buttons are seldom found today. In fact, most were never finished. That is they contained far fewer than the legendary 999 or 1000 buttons. Many strings had difficulty surviving storage or were divided by families wanting to share mementos. Or they were cut by collectors who couldn't resist picking up some of the rare and valuable buttons on them, which they then grouped with other buttons of the same materials and type. But should you be lucky enough to happen upon a charm string - perhaps with the needle still attached - the primary guideline for determining if it is original and authentically intact is to consider the age and condition of the string or wire and to determine if all the buttons were made during the proper period. Whether enjoyed for its visual abundance or as a consulting library of 19th century buttons, the charm string is an American folk art and is, to put it simply, charming. In the mid-1960s, when our own antique-button pilgrimage began, we visited the Just Button Museum in Southington, CT (now closed), where the informative and feisty curator, Sally Luscomb, showed us an enormously long, authentic 999-button charm string. With her generous enthusiasm for teaching, Sally went over the buttons, detailing the facts and fancies of each. The string began with a large 1851 Goodyear hard rubber touch button, and the remainder were small (1/4 to 3/4 in.) randomly strung buttons, primarily glass, pewter, brass, and china. Although the buttons were individually fascinating, for us it was the mystique of the whole string, exciting in its serpentine sculpture, presenting a biography in buttons of a past life and time. Pursuing our fascination, we read about a ninety-year old woman who had acquired many of her buttons when she resided abroad. Her charm string was unusual. Rather than different single buttons, she strung sets of from three to ten of a kind. They recalled her studies in Paris, a courtship in Venice, her marriage to an Englishman reared in China, and a honeymoon on the island of Capri. New York City's Cooper Union Museum (now the Cooper-Hewitt Museum), in a show titled "Four Thousand and One Buttons," once exhibited a much-admired button string belonging to Emily Childs, whose father was a New York merchant. She composed a string of about 800 buttons given to her by an importer. They were variations of the same style from sample cards, in many colors and different sizes, a fascinating record of manufacture of the period. One of the most interesting charm strings was found in an antiques shop in Pennsylvania in the 1940s. It was marked "Hinkeltown September 10, 1872, Mary Ann Fritzes Charm String." The buttons were mounted in horizontal rows on brown paper, and underneath each button miss Fritzes identified the giver and the relationship, much like a friendship quilt. This string is in the collection of the State Museum of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg. Though we researched and searched all we could - traveling to antiques shops and flea markets hoping to find the rare and coveted charm string - one of our best finds came to us on a peaceful, uneventful day in our shop: A woman brought in a shoe box containing an original charm string with an old, wrinkled note for identification: "Button String, Over 50 years old. Amity Quakenbush." This string has nearly 1,000 delightful, small, early to mid-19th century buttons, with just enough highlights to make our collectors' hearts lurch - a tintype of a young girl, a micromosaic of Roman ruins, Jenny Lind molded in cranberry glass, a Goodyear hard rubber of two frogs dancing in delight, a French millefiori paperweight, a Civil War black glass with the intaglio word "Union," a Confederate infantry eagle, and a button rimmed with gilt picturing an early locomotive.

Laocoon Mythology sterling Button

Laocoon Mythology Button, a priest of Troy, who had urged the Trojans not to bring the wooden horse into the city. His warnings went unheeded. While he and his two sons were about to sacrifice a bull to Poseidon, two serpents sent by Poseidon at Athena’s urging, crawled out of the sea and crushed them to death.

 The button design was taken from the Greek sculpture of Laocoon in the Vatican Museum

This button was found years ago at a button show in a $1.00 “poke box” it was very dirty and dark but the collector through it may be sterling when she brought it home and cleaned it sure enough its marked STERLING on the back

Large (2 x 2 1/2) one piece with a loop shank..my image isn't good as it is much brighter and doesn't have the yellow/orange color  

click on image to enlarge

Colorado buttons and pins etc. my fun card

Colorado buttons and pins etc.

3 brass uniform buttons: State seal, Colorado police, State Industrial School (which was located in Golden)

 the gold miners pan button was a favor button at one of the state shows

bottom left studio buttons fabric and wood with the state flower and just above the small Coors beer mug is a pearl logo button from JHB

I didn't want to take this card out of the frame so its not a clear image

click on image to enlarge

I have been a member of the Colorado State Button Society for over 30 years

Swans and Peacock Buttons

I recently put this card together of some of my Swans and Peacock buttons
Click on image to enlarge

Mother Goose Nursery Rhyme button sets..Lois Calkins

The sets are:
Hey Diddle Diddle

Sing a Song of Sixpence
Jack and Jill

Humpty Dumpty

Three Little Kittens

Mary and Her Little Lamb

Goose that Laid Golden Eggs

Old King Cole
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Lois didn’t personally make these buttons she worked with artists in Japan through the Foreign Trade and Industries Agency.

She approved the designs and imported the buttons with the 1st of the sets shipped to the U.S. in 1954

There are 8 sets, each with 4 buttons

Porcelain with self shank, size 1 inch diameter, backmarked LC

Lois passed away in 2002

(click on image to enlarge)

Gnome buttons

Gnomes are thought to have originated in Scandinavia and were first sighted well over 2000 years ago.

Only 6 inches high, the gnome is a cheerful, warmhearted, generous creature.

A favorite custom consists of giving presents to departing guest. These presents may be natural things, useful things, or writings to be pondered upon.

The gnome’s big heart more than makes up for his tiny size!

 

The buttons are small size plastic (click on image to enlarge)

Happy Flag Day and upcoming 4th of July..buttons

I just listed this group of buttons they are available in my ecrater button store, the 2 at the bottom are vintage glass and rest are plastic
 http://PegsBUTTONS.ecrater.com

Corn Cob buttons

I enjoy homestead/pioneer pieces and thought that most likely our pioneer ancestors made buttons out of corn cobs.  It was a fun challenge to create one for my primitive project.  The corn cob button looks just right on the pocket made of old mustard wool blanket.

Amazing how like wood the corn cob is.  Marsha 

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Thank you Marsha for sharing your interesting buttons

If you would like to purchase one of  her buttons or

if anyone wants to know how she made the buttons, they can inquire

Marsha cassrus@swoi.net

 

Happy Mother's Day..buttons

Happy Mother's Day to all

Raggedy Ann & Andy ceramic buttons

Raggedy Ann & Andy ceramic buttons

I acquired these years ago in a collection, I have always wondered if they were commercially made or studio buttons.. because they are not signed and dated I will never know.

 If you are a studio button artist please sign and date your work.

OMG! I have looked at these 2 buttons several times over the years and did not notice THEY ARE signed (but not dated) thanks to Ronnie W. for noticing the SHIRLEY backmark

Shirley Shaw and her sister Stella Rzanski starting making buttons in the early 1970’s. The early buttons were not signed later they signed SR and the year

Porcelain buttons with designs

According to Jocelyn Howells button book  “Button Materials from A to Z” these are fairly scarce buttons they are a type of porcelain with designs that resemble some china buttons, they have a cemented-in metal loop shank.

In her book she asks if anyone can identify the manufacturer and are they vintage or antique?

Jocelyn is the author of three books about identifying button materials, including two on synthetic polymers exclusively, based on more than 10 years of intense research and study. 

 Read more at her website  http://mysite.ncnetwork.net/buttonjoss 

or contact her at buttonjoss@aol.com 

Her books are a must have for button collectors

Ivory Bone Jade buttons card

Ivory Bone Jade buttons card
1st button in 4th row is celluloid
antique and vintage buttons
click on image to enlarge

St. Patrick's Day card with buttons

Each year I replace or add a button to this card new one is the Leprechaun which is a modern plastic snap-together button
click on image to enlarge
Happy St. Patrick's Day!

Rose flower buttons

my card of rose buttons I put together MANY years ago, various materials.
Click on image to enlarge

Galena in metal antique buttons

All but two of these antique buttons have small jewels whose glass centers do not cover the entire fronts of the buttons.

The fields surrounding the glass centers are trimmed with Galena, which is a glittering gray ore of lead.

 Ground galena is sprinkled onto a circular band of stiff paper or lightweight cardboard which was first covered with an adhesive.
Click on image to enlarge

Saphiret glass mounted in metal buttons

Buttons set with Saphiret stones date from the turn of the 19th century. This type of glass was created in Gablonz by adding gold to pale blue glass, which then becomes dichroic, showing both coppery red and sapphire blue colors.

The first one is claw-set strass (Strass is brilliant lead glass perfected by Josef Strass for whom it was named) and saphiret stones mounted in gilt brass. Both buttons date late 1800’s to before 1918.

Both of these buttons are much nicer than the image shows

Mosaic buttons

Mosaics set as buttons were one of the favorite items for 18th and 19th century tourists to bring home from Italy

my few mosaics consist of the mosaic itself –tesserae (little bits) of glass embedded in gilt brass framework

Antique and vintage with a loop shank 2 of these have a Italy B/m

Merry Merry & Happy Happy...pearl buttons

Bethlehem pearl vintage buttons
 these are much lighter in color than the image shows
click on image to enlarge

Kaleidoscope glass antique buttons

Kaleidoscope glass antique buttons they date 1840's-1870's

The essential parts of a kaleidoscope are a transparent glass “dome” with a colored pattern adhering to its flat base and a metal plate almost as large as the base of the dome with a loop or (rarely) a pinshank inserted. The loop shank does not enter the glass. Most kaleidoscopes measure small, a few are medium size. Most are round, a few are oval or shell-shape.

Many on my card show wear , click on image to enlarge

Happy Thanksgiving buttons my fun card

I've added some new ones since last years. Various materials, click on image to enlarge

Goofie sets and other early buttons

1st set real seashells embedded in probably polyester

Animal Head Set...acetate

Umbrella..celluloid

outer 6 are bakelite

Dominoes Set..acetate

School Set.. casein

Music Set..bakelite
(CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE)

I found this interesting when I went to take a image of this card the music set had 2 buttons wrong side up, when I changed them I noticed the 2 (1st and 4th) buttons are so much lighter in color than the others my thought was the card had been exposed to sunlight as the previous owner had the card in a frame and probably hanging on a wall.

So I asked Jocelyn Howells and here is her answer

“It's well known that Bakelite changes color with time.  It's the phenolic resin in the ingredients that is naturally orangish and dominates all other colors.  Oxidation has been stated as the cause, but no doubt sunlight figures into it as well, or maybe sunlight speeds up the oxidation process.  I have a salesman's original card of bakelite buttons with each button labeled with its color.  Very interesting to see what the original color was, and what it is today.  Of course, there is no way to know whether that card was exposed to the light during its lifetime, or stored away in darkness.  So I tend to think that it is exposure to oxygen, causing some of the phenolic resin to "leach" to the surface and change its color.  BTW, the surface of bakelite pieces can be polished down to the original color, which I understand has been done with lots of the bakelite jewelry.  But sooner or later, the color change occurs again, sometimes fairly quickly.”

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Thanks to Jocelyn for this information and also helping me identify the technical terms of the plastics

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Jocelyn is the author of three books about identifying button materials, including two on synthetic polymers exclusively, based on more than 10 years of intense research and study.  Read more at her website        http://mysite.ncnetwork.net/buttonjoss 

or contact her at buttonjoss@aol.com 

Her books are a must have for button collectors

Happy Halloween buttons my fun card

I try to add a couple buttons to this card each year, majority of the buttons are plastic
Happy Halloween, Peg
click on image to enlarge

National Park Service uniform buttons

Any account of the National Park Service must begin with the parks that preceded it and prompted its creation.
The national park concept is generally credited to the artist George Catlin. On a trip to the Dakotas in 1832, he worried about the impact of America's westward expansion on Indian civilization, wildlife, and wilderness. They might be preserved, he wrote, "by some great protecting policy of government... in a magnificent park.... A nation's park, containing man and beast, in all the wild and freshness of their nature's beauty!"
Catlin's vision was partly realized in 1864, when Congress donated Yosemite Valley to California for preservation as a state park. Eight years later, in 1872, Congress reserved the spectacular Yellowstone country in the Wyoming and Montana territories "as a public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people." With no state government there yet to receive and manage it, Yellowstone remained in the custody of the U.S. Department of the Interior as a national park-the world's first area so designated.
Congress followed the Yellowstone precedent with other national parks in the 1890s and early 1900s, including Sequoia, Yosemite (to which California returned Yosemite Valley), Mount Rainier, Crater Lake, and Glacier. The idealistic impulse to preserve nature was often joined by the pragmatic desire to promote tourism: western railroads lobbied for many of the early parks and built grand rustic hotels in them to boost their passenger business.
The late nineteenth century also saw growing interest in preserving prehistoric Indian ruins and artifacts on the public lands. Congress first moved to protect such a feature, Arizona's Casa Grande Ruin, in 1889. In 1906 it created Mesa Verde National Park, containing dramatic cliff dwellings in southwestern Colorado, and passed the Antiquities Act authorizing presidents to set aside "historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest" in federal custody as national monuments. Theodore Roosevelt used the act to proclaim 18 national monuments before he left the presidency. They included not only cultural features like El Morro, New Mexico, site of prehistoric petroglyphs and historic inscriptions, but natural features like Arizona's Petrified Forest and Grand Canyon. Congress later converted many of these natural monuments to national parks.

By 1916 the Interior Department was responsible for 14 national parks and 21 national monuments but had no organization to manage them. Interior secretaries had asked the Army to detail troops to Yellowstone and the California parks for this purpose. There military engineers and cavalrymen developed park roads and buildings, enforced regulations against hunting, grazing, timber cutting, and vandalism, and did their best to serve the visiting public. Civilian appointees superintended the other parks, while the monuments received minimal custody. In the absence of an effective central administration, those in charge operated without coordinated supervision or policy guidance.
The antique buttons are brass, click on image to enlarge

U S Indian Service and U S Forest Service uniform buttons

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the U.S. Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of 55,700,000 acres of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American Tribes and Alaska Natives.The Bureau of Indian Affairs is one of two bureaus under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs: the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian Education, which provides education services to approximately 48,000 Native Americans.
The BIA’s responsibilities once included providing health care to American Indians and Alaska Natives. In 1954 that function was legislatively transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, now known as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, where it has remained to this day as the Indian Health Service
These were the buttons worn by the uniformed services of Indian Reservations such as Agents, Medical personnel, and Police 

Forest Service Buttons, first 2 are vegetable Ivory others are brass

Starting in 1876, and undergoing a series of name changes, the U.S. Forest Service grew to protect and utilize millions of acres of forest on public land. Gifford Pinchot, an early advocate of scientific forestry, along with President Theodore Roosevelt and conservation organizations, led the effort to manage forest for the public good.
Click on image to enlarge

Ethiopian woman’s head button or Hawaiian Queen Lydia L.?

Ethiopian woman’s head button (this is according to the Big Book of Buttons) but I've also heard her called Hawaiian Queen, Lydia Liliuokalani
 Molded black glass, set with 2 brilliants and cemented to a flat, milk glass background the button is large size, antique and has a metal rosette shank

 I have found NEW information in the May 1997 issue of the National Button Society Bulletin the above image is called "The Blackamoor" and can be used as a fable button

“The button familiar to us as “The Blackamoor” can now be used with fable buttons. The fable is The AEthiop, page 91 in the AEsop Fable Collection. It goes as follows:

The purchaser of a black servant was persuaded that the color of his skin arose from dirt contacted through the neglect of his former masters. On bringing him home, he resorted to every means of cleaning, and subjected the man to incessant scrubbings. The servant caught a severe cold, but he never changed his color or complexion.

Moral: What’s bred in the bone will stick to the flesh”

Porridge Time button

This antique button is called “Porridge Time”

 Stamped brass applied to a flat, textured brass back, with applied steel star. The button also comes without the star, with the star it is a scarce button

click on image to enlarge

Jasperware buttons: Marie La Barre-Bennett

Marie La Barre-Bennett, studio button artist

She first made buttons in 1953. She had been a button collector since 1943.

 She used many colors: lavender, green, brown, red, black and white.

 All of her molds were destroyed after her death in 1969

click on image to enlarge

"The Little Colonel" button

The figure is of silvered brass and is applied to a flat lacquered brass button with engraved wall and archway,etc.

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Annie Fellows Johnston (1863-1931), a celebrated author of children's and juvenile fiction from the 1890's until her death in 1931, is best known for her "Little Colonel" (1895) series, a semi biographical opus of 13 novels dealing with the aristocracy of old Kentucky, particularly the story of a young girl, who came to be known as "The Little Colonel." (The little girl was based upon a real child the author met while on a  visit to Kentucky) Her works sold millions of copies, and were translated into over 40 languages, including Japanese.  

The fame of The Little Colonel peaked in 1935 with the film of the same name starring Shirley Temple & Lionel Barrymore.

 

 

 

U.S. Post Office BUTTONS through the ages

this card was in a collection I acquired, the top left button doesn’t belong on here as it’s a Telegraph Co. button, the top right button this device (image) was adopted as the Seal of the U.S. Post Office in 1837.

 All the buttons are brass

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The story of the United States Postal Service begins in 1775, when the Continental Congress named

Benjamin Franklin the first American Postmaster General. Franklin and his fellow patriots saw a robust

mail system as critical to the nation’s welfare. A healthy postal network facilitated communication among

army commanders and the first elected representatives, and representatives and their constituents;

newspapers sent through the mail enabled Americans to participate in political life. As directed by

Congress, postal officials first extended the mail system geographically, adding mail routes and Post

Offices to embrace communities up and down the coast and then westward, keeping pace with the

traveling frontier. In the mid-1800s, Congress increased access to the mail by simplifying and lowering

letter-postage rates. Later in the century, Congress introduced the convenience that most Americans

now expect – free home delivery of mail, first in the city, then in the country. To check for mail, city

dwellers no longer had to wait in long lines at crowded Post Offices, and farmers no longer had to unhitch

horse from plow and plod five or six miles into town. In 1913, the Post Office Department introduced

Parcel Post – affordable parcel delivery available to all Americans that opened up a new world of mail

order merchandise to many, especially in rural areas

(above information taken from the U.S.P.S. site

click on image to enlarge

Peacock and Peacock eye buttons

My just for fun card of

Peacock and Peacock eye buttons

Garter/ Flapper buttons

First 2 are real Garter buttons from the 20’s

The faces are printed on silk which is stretched over a metal form fitted with a pad shank for sewing. The buttons were used to decorate the fancy garters for ladies silk stockings.

Second 2 are vintage and made by studio artists

Last 2 are modern laser cut plastic buttons 

Click on image to enlarge

Elephant buttons

Assorted materials, click on image to enlarge

Horse theme buttons

Some of my buttons with horses

Click on image to enlarge

Steel Cup Buttons

These steel cup buttons are all constructed the same way, only the trims inside the cups differ.

 The button itself is a shallow steel cup with a raised rim. A U-shaped steel loop shank is soldered to the back and the various trims are usually riveted in place. 

 On this card of mine the buttons are all medium or large size,  1 inch to 1 3/8

They are from the late 19th century

Click on image to enlarge

Owl buttons

Owl buttons

This is my 3rd place winning tray at National Button show several years ago, judges comments “Very close competition need more variety of materials”

Click on image to enlarge

Child Hugging a Dog and The Peaceable Kingdom..Buttons

When you see  these 2 buttons for sale they are often not correctly titled because they are so similar in design.

Both are antique brass buttons because my larger button shows the lion clearly its not so with the smaller size of the same button

In the Big Book of Buttons (under children) title of first button is  “Child Hugging a Dog”

The second button (under Religious subjects) title “The Peaceable Kingdom” the child is hugging a lion

click on image to enlarge

 

Jeanne Hachette French Heroine..button

Jeanne Laisne born 1456 was a French heroine known as Jeanne Fourquet and nicknamed Jeanne Hachette (Jean the Hatchet)
All that she is currently known for is an act of heroism on June 27 1472, when she prevented the capture of Beauvais by the troops of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. The town was defended by only 300 men-at-arms, commanded by Louis de Balagny.
The Burgundians were making an assault, and one of their members had actually planted a flag upon the battlements, when Jeanne, axe in hand, flung herself upon him, hurled him into the moat, tore down the flag, and revived the drooping courage of the garrison.
                   From Wikipedia
click on image to enlarge